from __future__ import annotations

import copy
import dataclasses
import decimal
import importlib
import json
import logging
import pathlib
import pickle
import re
import sys
from collections import deque
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone
from enum import Enum
from inspect import isclass
from ipaddress import (
    IPv4Address,
    IPv4Interface,
    IPv4Network,
    IPv6Address,
    IPv6Interface,
    IPv6Network,
)
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast
from uuid import UUID
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo

import ormsgpack
from langchain_core.load.load import Reviver

from langgraph.checkpoint.serde import _msgpack as _lg_msgpack
from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.base import SerializerProtocol
from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.event_hooks import emit_serde_event
from langgraph.checkpoint.serde.types import (
    SendProtocol,
    _DeltaSnapshot,
)
from langgraph.store.base import Item

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from langgraph.checkpoint.serde._msgpack import (
        AllowedMsgpackModules,
    )

LC_REVIVER = Reviver(allowed_objects="core")
EMPTY_BYTES = b""
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Dedup log warnings across process lifetime; cap bounds state if types are
# dynamically generated (also acts as a circuit breaker on warning volume).
# Dedup is best-effort: racing threads may each emit once for the same key,
# and warnings are silently dropped once _MAX_WARNED_TYPES is reached.
_MAX_WARNED_TYPES = 1000
_warned_unregistered_types: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
_warned_blocked_types: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()


def _is_safe_json_type(id_list: list[str]) -> bool:
    """Return True if an lc=2 id refers to a type in SAFE_MSGPACK_TYPES.

    Safe types bypass the ``allowed_json_modules`` gate so that old "json" format
    checkpoints (written before the msgpack migration) can be resumed without
    requiring users to configure an explicit allowlist.
    """
    if len(id_list) < 2:
        return False
    module_name = ".".join(id_list[:-1])
    return (module_name, id_list[-1]) in _lg_msgpack.SAFE_MSGPACK_TYPES


def _warn_once(
    seen: set[tuple[str, str]], key: tuple[str, str], msg: str, *args: object
) -> None:
    if key in seen or len(seen) >= _MAX_WARNED_TYPES:
        return
    seen.add(key)
    logger.warning(msg, *args)


class JsonPlusSerializer(SerializerProtocol):
    """Serializer that uses ormsgpack, with optional fallbacks.

    !!! warning

        Security note: This serializer is intended for use within the `BaseCheckpointSaver`
        class and called within the Pregel loop. It should not be used on untrusted
        python objects. If an attacker can write directly to your checkpoint database,
        they may be able to trigger code execution when data is deserialized.

        Set the environment variable ``LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK=true`` to restrict
        deserialization to a built-in allowlist of safe types.  You can also pass
        an explicit ``allowed_msgpack_modules`` to the constructor.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        pickle_fallback: bool = False,
        allowed_json_modules: Iterable[tuple[str, ...]] | Literal[True] | None = None,
        allowed_msgpack_modules: (
            AllowedMsgpackModules | Literal[True] | None
        ) = _lg_msgpack._SENTINEL,
        __unpack_ext_hook__: Callable[[int, bytes], Any] | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        if allowed_msgpack_modules is _lg_msgpack._SENTINEL:
            if _lg_msgpack.STRICT_MSGPACK_ENABLED:
                # Strict: only SAFE_MSGPACK_TYPES are allowed.
                allowed_msgpack_modules = None
            else:
                # Permissive (default): all types allowed with a warning.
                # Set LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK=true to lock this down.
                allowed_msgpack_modules = True
        self.pickle_fallback = pickle_fallback
        self._allowed_json_modules: set[tuple[str, ...]] | Literal[True] | None = (
            _normalize_allowlist(allowed_json_modules)
        )
        self._allowed_msgpack_modules = _normalize_allowlist(allowed_msgpack_modules)

        self._custom_unpack_ext_hook = __unpack_ext_hook__ is not None
        self._unpack_ext_hook = (
            __unpack_ext_hook__
            if __unpack_ext_hook__ is not None
            else _create_msgpack_ext_hook(self._allowed_msgpack_modules)
        )

    def with_msgpack_allowlist(
        self, extra_allowlist: Iterable[tuple[str, ...] | type]
    ) -> JsonPlusSerializer:
        """Return a new serializer with a merged msgpack allowlist."""
        base_allowlist = self._allowed_msgpack_modules
        if base_allowlist is True or base_allowlist is False:
            return self
        elif base_allowlist:
            base_allowlist = set(base_allowlist)
        else:
            base_allowlist = set()
        extra = _normalize_module_keys(tuple(extra_allowlist))
        merged = base_allowlist | extra
        if merged == base_allowlist:
            return self
        allowed_msgpack_modules: AllowedMsgpackModules | Literal[True] | None
        if merged:
            allowed_msgpack_modules = tuple(merged)
        elif isinstance(self._allowed_msgpack_modules, set):
            allowed_msgpack_modules = tuple(self._allowed_msgpack_modules)
        else:
            allowed_msgpack_modules = self._allowed_msgpack_modules

        clone = copy.copy(self)
        clone._allowed_json_modules = _normalize_allowlist(self._allowed_json_modules)
        clone._allowed_msgpack_modules = _normalize_allowlist(allowed_msgpack_modules)
        if not clone._custom_unpack_ext_hook:
            clone._unpack_ext_hook = _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
                clone._allowed_msgpack_modules
            )
        return clone

    def _encode_constructor_args(
        self,
        constructor: Callable | type[Any],
        *,
        method: None | str | Sequence[None | str] = None,
        args: Sequence[Any] | None = None,
        kwargs: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
        out = {
            "lc": 2,
            "type": "constructor",
            "id": (*constructor.__module__.split("."), constructor.__name__),
        }
        if method is not None:
            out["method"] = method
        if args is not None:
            out["args"] = args
        if kwargs is not None:
            out["kwargs"] = kwargs
        return out

    def _reviver(self, value: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        if (
            value.get("lc", None) == 2
            and value.get("type", None) == "constructor"
            and value.get("id", None) is not None
        ):
            id_list = value["id"]
            is_safe = _is_safe_json_type(id_list)
            if self._allowed_json_modules or is_safe:
                try:
                    return self._revive_lc2(value)
                except InvalidModuleError as e:
                    if not is_safe:
                        logger.warning(
                            "Object %s is not in the deserialization allowlist.\n%s",
                            value["id"],
                            e.message,
                        )

        return LC_REVIVER(value)

    def _revive_lc2(self, value: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
        self._check_allowed_json_modules(value)

        [*module, name] = value["id"]
        try:
            mod = importlib.import_module(".".join(module))
            cls = getattr(mod, name)
            method = value.get("method")
            if isinstance(method, str):
                methods = [getattr(cls, method)]
            elif isinstance(method, list):
                methods = [cls if m is None else getattr(cls, m) for m in method]
            else:
                methods = [cls]
            args = value.get("args")
            kwargs = value.get("kwargs")
            for method in methods:
                try:
                    if isclass(method) and issubclass(method, BaseException):
                        return None
                    if args and kwargs:
                        return method(*args, **kwargs)
                    elif args:
                        return method(*args)
                    elif kwargs:
                        return method(**kwargs)
                    else:
                        return method()
                except Exception:
                    continue
        except Exception:
            return None

    def _check_allowed_json_modules(self, value: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        needed = tuple(value["id"])
        method = value.get("method")
        if isinstance(method, list):
            method_display = ",".join(m or "<init>" for m in method)
        elif isinstance(method, str):
            method_display = method
        else:
            method_display = "<init>"

        dotted = ".".join(needed)
        # Safe types (the same set already allowed for msgpack deserialization) are
        # permitted without an explicit allowlist — they are known-safe LangGraph and
        # LangChain types.  This restores backwards-compat for old "json" checkpoints
        # that pre-date the msgpack migration without reopening the broader security gate.
        if _is_safe_json_type(list(needed)):
            return

        if not self._allowed_json_modules:
            raise InvalidModuleError(
                f"Refused to deserialize JSON constructor: {dotted} (method: {method_display}). "
                "No allowed_json_modules configured.\n\n"
                "Unblock with ONE of:\n"
                f"  • JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_json_modules=[{needed!r}, ...])\n"
                "  • (DANGEROUS) JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_json_modules=True)\n\n"
                "Note: Prefix allowlists are intentionally unsupported; prefer exact symbols "
                "or plain-JSON representations revived without import-time side effects."
            )

        if self._allowed_json_modules is True:
            return
        if needed in self._allowed_json_modules:
            return

        raise InvalidModuleError(
            f"Refused to deserialize JSON constructor: {dotted} (method: {method_display}). "
            "Symbol is not in the deserialization allowlist.\n\n"
            "Add exactly this symbol to unblock:\n"
            f"  JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_json_modules=[{needed!r}, ...])\n"
            "Or, as a last resort (DANGEROUS):\n"
            "  JsonPlusSerializer(allowed_json_modules=True)"
        )

    def dumps_typed(self, obj: Any) -> tuple[str, bytes]:
        if obj is None:
            return "null", EMPTY_BYTES
        elif isinstance(obj, bytes):
            return "bytes", obj
        elif isinstance(obj, bytearray):
            return "bytearray", obj
        else:
            try:
                return "msgpack", _msgpack_enc(obj)
            except ormsgpack.MsgpackEncodeError as exc:
                if self.pickle_fallback:
                    return "pickle", pickle.dumps(obj)
                raise exc

    def loads_typed(self, data: tuple[str, bytes]) -> Any:
        type_, data_ = data
        if type_ == "null":
            return None
        elif type_ == "bytes":
            return data_
        elif type_ == "bytearray":
            return bytearray(data_)
        elif type_ == "json":
            return json.loads(data_, object_hook=self._reviver)
        elif type_ == "msgpack":
            return ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data_, ext_hook=self._unpack_ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
            )
        elif self.pickle_fallback and type_ == "pickle":
            return pickle.loads(data_)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"Unknown serialization type: {type_}")


# --- msgpack ---

EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG = 0
EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS = 1
EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS = 2
EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG = 3
EXT_PYDANTIC_V1 = 4
EXT_PYDANTIC_V2 = 5
EXT_NUMPY_ARRAY = 6
EXT_DELTA_SNAPSHOT = 7


def _msgpack_default(obj: Any) -> str | ormsgpack.Ext:
    if isinstance(obj, _DeltaSnapshot):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(EXT_DELTA_SNAPSHOT, _msgpack_enc(obj.value))
    elif hasattr(obj, "model_dump") and callable(obj.model_dump):  # pydantic v2
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_PYDANTIC_V2,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    obj.model_dump(),
                    "model_validate_json",
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif hasattr(obj, "get_secret_value") and callable(obj.get_secret_value):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    obj.get_secret_value(),
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif hasattr(obj, "dict") and callable(obj.dict):  # pydantic v1
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_PYDANTIC_V1,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    obj.dict(),
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif hasattr(obj, "_asdict") and callable(obj._asdict):  # namedtuple
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    obj._asdict(),
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, pathlib.Path):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, obj.parts),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, re.Pattern):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                ("re", "compile", (obj.pattern, obj.flags)),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, UUID):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, obj.hex),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, decimal.Decimal):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, str(obj)),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, (set, frozenset, deque)):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, tuple(obj)),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, (IPv4Address, IPv4Interface, IPv4Network)):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, str(obj)),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, (IPv6Address, IPv6Interface, IPv6Network)):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, str(obj)),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, datetime):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    obj.isoformat(),
                    "fromisoformat",
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, timedelta):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    (obj.days, obj.seconds, obj.microseconds),
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, date):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    (obj.year, obj.month, obj.day),
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, time):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    {
                        "hour": obj.hour,
                        "minute": obj.minute,
                        "second": obj.second,
                        "microsecond": obj.microsecond,
                        "tzinfo": obj.tzinfo,
                        "fold": obj.fold,
                    },
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, timezone):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    obj.__getinitargs__(),  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, ZoneInfo):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, obj.key),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, Enum):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, obj.value),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, SendProtocol):
        args: tuple[Any, ...] = (obj.node, obj.arg)
        if (timeout := getattr(obj, "timeout", None)) is not None:
            args = (obj.node, obj.arg, timeout)
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (obj.__class__.__module__, obj.__class__.__name__, args),
            ),
        )
    elif dataclasses.is_dataclass(obj):
        # doesn't use dataclasses.asdict to avoid deepcopy and recursion
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    {
                        field.name: getattr(obj, field.name)
                        for field in dataclasses.fields(obj)
                    },
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif isinstance(obj, Item):
        return ormsgpack.Ext(
            EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS,
            _msgpack_enc(
                (
                    obj.__class__.__module__,
                    obj.__class__.__name__,
                    {k: getattr(obj, k) for k in obj.__slots__},
                ),
            ),
        )
    elif (np_mod := sys.modules.get("numpy")) is not None and isinstance(
        obj, np_mod.ndarray
    ):
        order = "F" if obj.flags.f_contiguous and not obj.flags.c_contiguous else "C"
        if obj.flags.c_contiguous:
            mv = memoryview(obj)
            try:
                meta = (obj.dtype.str, obj.shape, order, mv)
                return ormsgpack.Ext(EXT_NUMPY_ARRAY, _msgpack_enc(meta))
            finally:
                mv.release()
        else:
            buf = obj.tobytes(order="A")
            meta = (obj.dtype.str, obj.shape, order, buf)
            return ormsgpack.Ext(EXT_NUMPY_ARRAY, _msgpack_enc(meta))

    elif isinstance(obj, BaseException):
        return repr(obj)
    else:
        raise TypeError(f"Object of type {obj.__class__.__name__} is not serializable")


def _send_from_args(args: Sequence[Any]) -> Any:
    # ya we have a cyclic import here ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
    from langgraph.types import Send  # type: ignore

    if len(args) == 2:
        return Send(*args)
    return Send(args[0], args[1], timeout=args[2])


def _create_msgpack_ext_hook(
    allowed_modules: set[tuple[str, ...]] | Literal[True] | None,
) -> Callable[[int, bytes], Any]:
    """Create msgpack ext hook with allowlist.

    Args:
        allowed_modules: Set of (module, name) tuples that are allowed to be
        deserialized, or True to allow all with warnings for unregistered types, or None to only allow safe types.

    Returns:
        An ext_hook function for use with ormsgpack.unpackb.
    """

    def _check_allowed(module: str, name: str) -> bool:
        """Check if type is allowed. Returns True if allowed, False if blocked."""
        key = (module, name)

        if key in _lg_msgpack.SAFE_MSGPACK_TYPES:
            return True

        if allowed_modules is True:
            # default is to warn but allow unregistered types
            emit_serde_event(
                {
                    "kind": "msgpack_unregistered_allowed",
                    "module": module,
                    "name": name,
                }
            )
            _warn_once(
                _warned_unregistered_types,
                key,
                "Deserializing unregistered type %s.%s from checkpoint. "
                "This will be blocked in a future version. "
                "Set LANGGRAPH_STRICT_MSGPACK=true to block now, or add "
                "to allowed_msgpack_modules to allow explicitly: [(%r, %r)]",
                module,
                name,
                module,
                name,
            )
            return True
        if allowed_modules is not None:
            if key in allowed_modules:
                return True
        # strict mode blocks unregistered types
        emit_serde_event(
            {
                "kind": "msgpack_blocked",
                "module": module,
                "name": name,
            }
        )
        _warn_once(
            _warned_blocked_types,
            key,
            "Blocked deserialization of %s.%s - not in allowed_msgpack_modules. "
            "Add to allowed_msgpack_modules to allow: [(%r, %r)]",
            module,
            name,
            module,
            name,
        )
        return False

    def _check_allowed_method(module: str, name: str, method: str) -> bool:
        """Check if a method invocation is allowed."""
        key = (module, name, method)
        if key in _lg_msgpack.SAFE_MSGPACK_METHODS:
            return True
        emit_serde_event(
            {
                "kind": "msgpack_method_blocked",
                "module": module,
                "name": name,
                "method": method,
            }
        )
        logger.warning(
            "Blocked deserialization of method call %s.%s.%s - "
            "not in allowed methods set.",
            module,
            name,
            method,
        )
        return False

    def ext_hook(code: int, data: bytes) -> Any:
        if code == EXT_DELTA_SNAPSHOT:
            return _DeltaSnapshot(
                ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
            )
        elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG:
            try:
                tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                if not _check_allowed(tup[0], tup[1]):
                    # We default to returning the raw data. If the user
                    # is using this in the context of a pydantic state, etc., then
                    # it would be validated upon construction.
                    return tup[2]
                # module, name, arg
                return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(tup[2])
            except Exception:
                return None
        elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS:
            try:
                tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                if not _check_allowed(tup[0], tup[1]):
                    return tup[2]
                if tup[0] == "langgraph.types" and tup[1] == "Send":
                    return _send_from_args(tup[2])
                # module, name, args
                return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(*tup[2])
            except Exception:
                return None
        elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS:
            try:
                tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                if not _check_allowed(tup[0], tup[1]):
                    return tup[2]
                # module, name, kwargs
                return getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])(**tup[2])
            except Exception:
                return None
        elif code == EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG:
            try:
                tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                if not _check_allowed_method(tup[0], tup[1], tup[3]):
                    return tup[2]
                # module, name, arg, method
                return getattr(
                    getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1]), tup[3]
                )(tup[2])
            except Exception:
                return None
        elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V1:
            try:
                tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                if not _check_allowed(tup[0], tup[1]):
                    return tup[2]
                # module, name, kwargs
                cls = getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])
                try:
                    return cls(**tup[2])
                except Exception:
                    return cls.construct(**tup[2])
            except Exception:
                # for pydantic objects we can't find/reconstruct
                # let's return the kwargs dict instead
                try:
                    return tup[2]
                except NameError:
                    return None
        elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V2:
            try:
                tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                if not _check_allowed(tup[0], tup[1]):
                    return tup[2]
                # module, name, kwargs, method
                cls = getattr(importlib.import_module(tup[0]), tup[1])
                try:
                    return cls(**tup[2])
                except Exception:
                    return cls.model_construct(**tup[2])
            except Exception:
                # for pydantic objects we can't find/reconstruct
                # let's return the kwargs dict instead
                try:
                    return tup[2]
                except NameError:
                    return None
        elif code == EXT_NUMPY_ARRAY:
            try:
                import numpy as _np

                dtype_str, shape, order, buf = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                    data, ext_hook=ext_hook, option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
                )
                arr = _np.frombuffer(buf, dtype=_np.dtype(dtype_str))
                return arr.reshape(shape, order=order)
            except Exception:
                return None
        return None

    return ext_hook


# Aliasing in case anyone imported it directly
_msgpack_ext_hook = _create_msgpack_ext_hook(allowed_modules=None)


def _msgpack_ext_hook_to_json(code: int, data: bytes) -> Any:
    if code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_SINGLE_ARG:
        try:
            tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            if tup[0] == "uuid" and tup[1] == "UUID":
                hex_ = tup[2]
                return (
                    f"{hex_[:8]}-{hex_[8:12]}-{hex_[12:16]}-{hex_[16:20]}-{hex_[20:]}"
                )
            # module, name, arg
            return tup[2]
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_POS_ARGS:
        try:
            tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            if tup[0] == "langgraph.types" and tup[1] == "Send":
                return _send_from_args(tup[2])
            # module, name, args
            return tup[2]
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_CONSTRUCTOR_KW_ARGS:
        try:
            tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            # module, name, args
            return tup[2]
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_METHOD_SINGLE_ARG:
        try:
            tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            # module, name, arg, method
            return tup[2]
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V1:
        try:
            tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            # module, name, kwargs
            return tup[2]
        except Exception:
            # for pydantic objects we can't find/reconstruct
            # let's return the kwargs dict instead
            return
    elif code == EXT_PYDANTIC_V2:
        try:
            tup = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            # module, name, kwargs, method
            return tup[2]
        except Exception:
            return
    elif code == EXT_NUMPY_ARRAY:
        try:
            import numpy as _np

            dtype_str, shape, order, buf = ormsgpack.unpackb(
                data,
                ext_hook=_msgpack_ext_hook_to_json,
                option=ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS,
            )
            arr = _np.frombuffer(buf, dtype=_np.dtype(dtype_str))
            return arr.reshape(shape, order=order).tolist()
        except Exception:
            return


class InvalidModuleError(Exception):
    """Exception raised when a module is not in the allowlist."""

    def __init__(self, message: str):
        self.message = message


_option = (
    ormsgpack.OPT_NON_STR_KEYS
    | ormsgpack.OPT_PASSTHROUGH_DATACLASS
    | ormsgpack.OPT_PASSTHROUGH_DATETIME
    | ormsgpack.OPT_PASSTHROUGH_ENUM
    | ormsgpack.OPT_PASSTHROUGH_UUID
    | ormsgpack.OPT_REPLACE_SURROGATES
)


def _msgpack_enc(data: Any) -> bytes:
    return ormsgpack.packb(data, default=_msgpack_default, option=_option)


def _normalize_allowlist(
    allowlist: AllowedMsgpackModules | Literal[True] | None,
) -> set[tuple[str, ...]] | Literal[True] | None:
    if allowlist is True:
        return allowlist
    elif allowlist:
        return _normalize_module_keys(allowlist)
    else:
        return None


def _normalize_module_keys(
    modules: AllowedMsgpackModules,
) -> set[tuple[str, ...]]:
    normalized: set[tuple[str, ...]] = set()
    for module in modules:
        if isclass(module):
            normalized.add((module.__module__, module.__name__))
        else:
            normalized.add(cast(tuple[str, ...], module))
    return normalized
