"""Optional caching layer for language models.

Distinct from provider-based [prompt caching](https://docs.langchain.com/oss/python/langchain/models#prompt-caching).

!!! warning "Beta feature"

    This is a beta feature. Please be wary of deploying experimental code to production
    unless you've taken appropriate precautions.

A cache is useful for two reasons:

1. It can save you money by reducing the number of API calls you make to the LLM
    provider if you're often requesting the same completion multiple times.
2. It can speed up your application by reducing the number of API calls you make to the
    LLM provider.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Sequence
from typing import Any

from typing_extensions import override

from langchain_core.outputs import Generation
from langchain_core.runnables import run_in_executor

RETURN_VAL_TYPE = Sequence[Generation]


class BaseCache(ABC):
    """Interface for a caching layer for LLMs and Chat models.

    The cache interface consists of the following methods:

    - lookup: Look up a value based on a prompt and `llm_string`.
    - update: Update the cache based on a prompt and `llm_string`.
    - clear: Clear the cache.

    In addition, the cache interface provides an async version of each method.

    The default implementation of the async methods is to run the synchronous
    method in an executor. It's recommended to override the async methods
    and provide async implementations to avoid unnecessary overhead.
    """

    @abstractmethod
    def lookup(self, prompt: str, llm_string: str) -> RETURN_VAL_TYPE | None:
        """Look up based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        A cache implementation is expected to generate a key from the 2-tuple
        of `prompt` and `llm_string` (e.g., by concatenating them with a delimiter).

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.

                This is used to capture the invocation parameters of the LLM
                (e.g., model name, temperature, stop tokens, max tokens, etc.).

                These invocation parameters are serialized into a string representation.

        Returns:
            On a cache miss, return `None`. On a cache hit, return the cached value.
                The cached value is a list of `Generation` (or subclasses).
        """

    @abstractmethod
    def update(self, prompt: str, llm_string: str, return_val: RETURN_VAL_TYPE) -> None:
        """Update cache based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        The `prompt` and `llm_string` are used to generate a key for the cache. The key
        should match that of the lookup method.

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.

                This is used to capture the invocation parameters of the LLM
                (e.g., model name, temperature, stop tokens, max tokens, etc.).

                These invocation parameters are serialized into a string
                representation.
            return_val: The value to be cached.

                The value is a list of `Generation` (or subclasses).
        """

    @abstractmethod
    def clear(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Clear cache that can take additional keyword arguments."""

    async def alookup(self, prompt: str, llm_string: str) -> RETURN_VAL_TYPE | None:
        """Async look up based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        A cache implementation is expected to generate a key from the 2-tuple
        of `prompt` and `llm_string` (e.g., by concatenating them with a delimiter).

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.

                This is used to capture the invocation parameters of the LLM
                (e.g., model name, temperature, stop tokens, max tokens, etc.).

                These invocation parameters are serialized into a string
                representation.

        Returns:
            On a cache miss, return `None`. On a cache hit, return the cached value.
                The cached value is a list of `Generation` (or subclasses).
        """
        return await run_in_executor(None, self.lookup, prompt, llm_string)

    async def aupdate(
        self, prompt: str, llm_string: str, return_val: RETURN_VAL_TYPE
    ) -> None:
        """Async update cache based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        The prompt and llm_string are used to generate a key for the cache.
        The key should match that of the look up method.

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.

                This is used to capture the invocation parameters of the LLM
                (e.g., model name, temperature, stop tokens, max tokens, etc.).

                These invocation parameters are serialized into a string
                representation.
            return_val: The value to be cached. The value is a list of `Generation`
                (or subclasses).
        """
        return await run_in_executor(None, self.update, prompt, llm_string, return_val)

    async def aclear(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Async clear cache that can take additional keyword arguments."""
        return await run_in_executor(None, self.clear, **kwargs)


class InMemoryCache(BaseCache):
    """Cache that stores things in memory.

    Example:
        ```python
        from langchain_core.caches import InMemoryCache
        from langchain_core.outputs import Generation

        # Initialize cache
        cache = InMemoryCache()

        # Update cache
        cache.update(
            prompt="What is the capital of France?",
            llm_string="model='gpt-5.4-mini',
            return_val=[Generation(text="Paris")],
        )

        # Lookup cache
        result = cache.lookup(
            prompt="What is the capital of France?",
            llm_string="model='gpt-5.4-mini',
        )
        # result is [Generation(text="Paris")]
        ```
    """

    def __init__(self, *, maxsize: int | None = None) -> None:
        """Initialize with empty cache.

        Args:
            maxsize: The maximum number of items to store in the cache.

                If `None`, the cache has no maximum size.

                If the cache exceeds the maximum size, the oldest items are removed.

        Raises:
            ValueError: If `maxsize` is less than or equal to `0`.
        """
        self._cache: dict[tuple[str, str], RETURN_VAL_TYPE] = {}
        if maxsize is not None and maxsize <= 0:
            msg = "maxsize must be greater than 0"
            raise ValueError(msg)
        self._maxsize = maxsize

    def lookup(self, prompt: str, llm_string: str) -> RETURN_VAL_TYPE | None:
        """Look up based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.

        Returns:
            On a cache miss, return `None`. On a cache hit, return the cached value.
        """
        return self._cache.get((prompt, llm_string), None)

    def update(self, prompt: str, llm_string: str, return_val: RETURN_VAL_TYPE) -> None:
        """Update cache based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.
            return_val: The value to be cached.

                The value is a list of `Generation` (or subclasses).
        """
        if self._maxsize is not None and len(self._cache) == self._maxsize:
            del self._cache[next(iter(self._cache))]
        self._cache[prompt, llm_string] = return_val

    @override
    def clear(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Clear cache."""
        self._cache = {}

    async def alookup(self, prompt: str, llm_string: str) -> RETURN_VAL_TYPE | None:
        """Async look up based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.

        Returns:
            On a cache miss, return `None`. On a cache hit, return the cached value.
        """
        return self.lookup(prompt, llm_string)

    async def aupdate(
        self, prompt: str, llm_string: str, return_val: RETURN_VAL_TYPE
    ) -> None:
        """Async update cache based on `prompt` and `llm_string`.

        Args:
            prompt: A string representation of the prompt.

                In the case of a chat model, the prompt is a non-trivial
                serialization of the prompt into the language model.
            llm_string: A string representation of the LLM configuration.
            return_val: The value to be cached. The value is a list of `Generation`
                (or subclasses).
        """
        self.update(prompt, llm_string, return_val)

    @override
    async def aclear(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        """Async clear cache."""
        self.clear()
